Fossil hunters in Southern Africa have uncovered a giant salamander-like creature that pre-dates the days of dinosaurs.
The apex predator, named the _Gaiasia, _would have been the top predator in its ecosystem, and among the biggest land predators of all time.
The Full Extent of The Discovery
Four incomplete fossil specimens were discovered – including a nearly complete backbone and skull fragments. _Gaiasia_’s skull measured approximately 60cm in length and it’s jaw suggests it had a strong bite that allowed it to capture large prey.
Prof Claudia Marsicano, who was part of the team that unearthed the fossil said, “After examining the skull, the structure of the front of the skull caught my attention…It was the only clearly visible part at that time, and it showed very unusually interlocking large fangs, creating a unique bite for early tetrapods.”
More Details on The Creature
The creature, which has been named the _Gaiasia jennyae, _measured 2.5 metres in length and had a large toilet seat-shaped head, which held interlocking fangs.
The creature would’ve lurked in swamp waters, keeping it’s mouth open to prey on animals that swam in it’s vicinity.
Discovery is Almost A Decade Old
Prof Marsicano discovered the _Gaiasia jennyae _with colleagues in 2014 and 2015 across multiple expeditions to the Huab Basin deserts in northwest Namibia.
Marsicano and colleagues discovered fossils from four animals in the Southern African nation, including a nearly complete skeleton.
Discovery Excites Researchers
“When we found this enormous specimen just lying on the outcrop as a giant concretion, it was really shocking,” said Prof Marsicano.
Prof Marsicano, who is with the University of Buenos Aires, said of her discovery, “I knew just from seeing it that it was something completely different. We were all very excited.”
Descriptions of Beast
Jason Pardo, of the Field Museum in Chicago and co-lead author of a paper describing the newly discovered fossils, said, “It’s a big predator, but potentially also a relatively slow ambush predator.”
He added, “It’s got a big, flat, toilet seat-shaped head, which allows it to open its mouth and suck in prey. It has these huge fangs, the whole front of the mouth is just giant teeth.”
What’s In A Name?
Part of the fossil’s name, _Gaiasia jennyae_, was inspired by the Gai-As Formation in Namibia.
The name was also inspired by Jenny Clark, a palaeontologist who specializes in evolution.
Unusual Location
The Guardian’s Hannah Devlin reported, “The location of the discovery is significant because until now most insights into the early evolution of land animals came from fossils discovered at ancient equatorial wetlands in what is now Europe and North America.”
She added, “At the time the creature lived, modern-day Namibia would have been positioned much further south, almost level with the northernmost point of Antarctica, and part of the great southern supercontinent Gondwana.”
Thriving in Harsh Climates
The new discovery shows that large predators were able to thrive in cold swamps. “It tells us that what was happening in the far south was very different from what was happening at the equator,” said Pardo.
He added, “that’s really important because there were a lot of groups of animals that appeared at this time that we don’t really know where they came from. The more we look, we might find more answers about these major animal groups that we care about, like the ancestors of mammals and modern reptiles.”
More Studies in Africa Urged
While existing knowledge of tetrapod evolution is based on data found in Europe and North America, this latest discovery has led many to urge further research in Africa and South America.
“Getting these faunas from the Southern Hemisphere is really critical to understanding the story of our own lineages,” Pardo said. “Especially the question of whether those are just local stories, as opposed to something happening on a global scale.”
First Dinosaur Fossil Scientifically Described
William Buckland described the first dinosaur fossil in 1824. He named the creature Megalosaurus, meaning “great lizard,” based on jaw and tooth fragments.
This discovery marked the beginning of scientific dinosaur paleontology. Did you know? The term “dinosaur” wasn’t coined until 1842 by Sir Richard Owen, almost two decades after Buckland’s description.
Spectacular Feathered Dinosaur Fossils Unearthed
Scientists discovered feathered dinosaur fossils in China’s Liaoning Province in the 1990s. These fossils provided crucial evidence for the evolutionary link between dinosaurs and birds.
The most famous of these discoveries is Sinosauropteryx, the first non-avian dinosaur found with feathers. Did you know? Over 30 genera of feathered dinosaurs have been discovered in the Liaoning deposits, revolutionizing our understanding of dinosaur appearance and behavior.
Largest Dinosaur Skeleton Ever Found
Paleontologists unearthed the largest known dinosaur, Patagotitan mayorum, in Argentina in 2014. This titanosaur measured up to 37 meters long and weighed around 76 tons.
The discovery provided new insights into the maximum size attainable by land animals. Did you know? Patagotitan was so large that its heart would have needed to pump blood with the force of 44 pounds per square inch, about 15 times the pressure of a human heart.
Dinosaur Eggs with Embryos Discovered
Researchers found exceptionally well-preserved dinosaur eggs containing embryos in Argentina in 2020. These eggs belonged to Mussaurus patagonicus, a long-necked herbivore from the early Jurassic period.
The discovery provided unprecedented insights into dinosaur embryonic development and nesting behavior. Did you know? This find included over 100 eggs and about 80 skeletons of juvenile and adult Mussaurus, suggesting they lived in herds.
Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Crater Identified
Scientists confirmed the location of the asteroid impact that led to dinosaur extinction in 1991. The Chicxulub crater, located on Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, measures about 180 kilometers in diameter.
This discovery provided strong evidence for the asteroid impact theory of dinosaur extinction. Did you know? The impact released energy equivalent to 10 billion Hiroshima atomic bombs, causing global climate change that led to the extinction of approximately 75% of plant and animal species on Earth.
